Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
HTML is the basic language that is used in most Web sites. It has been extended numerous times, and is currently in its final HTML incarnation at version 4.01; future versions will take the form of Extensible HTML (XHTML), which is addressed below.
General HTML Resources
These are general sites that include a variety of information related to HTML and other Web technologies. Specific references -- many of them from these sites -- are listed further down the page.
- World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) (the organization that develops and approves the official recommendations for Web standards such as HTML, XHTML, and CSS)
- HTML 4.01 Specification
- Basic HTML and Advanced HTML (quick tutorials from Dave Raggett)
- ActiveJump HTML Tutorial
- CNet's Builder.com
- HTML Goodies.com
- HTML Writers Guild
- About.com's Web Design site
- Web Developer's Virtual Library (WDVL)
- WebReference.com's HTML Resources
HTML Quick Reference
- Bare Bones Guide to HTML (from Kevin Werbach)
- HTML 4 Tags (from the WDVL)
- HTML Element Cross Reference (from Netscape's DevEdge; an indication of when each HTML element entered the official W3C HTML specification, and when it was covered by each of the major browsers)
- HTML 4.01 Reference (from W3schools.com)
- HTML Cheat Sheet (from FortuneCity.com)
- HTML Quick Reference (from the University of Kansas' Academic Computing Services office)
- HTML Tag Quick Reference Guide (from the Project Cool Developer Zone at DevX.com)
- Index Dot HTML: The Advanced HTML Reference
- HTML Support History (useful for tracking when each HTML element was added to the official W3C specification, and when it was covered by each of the major browsers)
- Browser Timelines (useful for tracking when significant versions of the major browsers appeared)
- HTML Tag Quick Reference Guide (from WebMist.com)
HTML Character Entity Codes
Most special characters beyond the standard letters and numbers require special entity codes to guarantee that they will be displayed properly. These pages offer lists of these entity codes, as well as information on which are supported by the official HTML specification.
- ASCII Special Characters (from About.com's Web Design site)
- Character Entities in HTML and XHTML (from the Web Standards Project)
- Character Entity References in HTML 4 (from the W3C)
- Character and Entity References in HTML 4 (from Jukka Korpela in Finland)
- Character Set and Special Characters (from the HTML Tag List)
- HTML Character Reference (from WebReference.com)
- ISO 8859-1 Special Characters List (from Ian Graham at the University of Toronto; see also his Entity References Test Document, which allows you to check whether your browser displays them all correctly)
HTML Color Codes
Named Colors: sixteen colors are named as part of the HTML 4 specification; the following sources provide lists of these color names:
Web-Safe Palettes: researchers have identified 216 "web-safe" colors that should display correctly in any browser and any monitor; the following sources provide charts of these colors:
Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML)
XHTML is the future language of the Web, intended as a replacement for HTML. At least in version 1.0, it is quite similar to HTML, with only a few relatively minor changes (all markup tags require closing tags, all tags must be written in lower case, all tag values must be enclosed in quotes, and so on). I am currently engaged in rewriting this web site in XHTML, after seven years in various versions of HTML.
- XHTML Specification (from the W3C)
- HTML Goodies.com's XHTML Tutorial
- NY Public Library's CSS Resources
- XHTML Benefits
- XHTML Guidelines (a helpful discussion of the differences between HTML and XHTML, with an emphasis on five changes that need be taken into account)
- SizeFactory.com's XHTML Basics and XHTML Cheat Sheet
- XHTML: Past, Present, and Future (from Builder.com)
- WDVL's XHTML Resources
- WebReference.com's XHTML Resources
- XHTML 1.0: Marking Up a New Dawn (by Molly Holzschlag)
- XHTML 1.0 Reference with Examples (from Miloslav Nic)
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
CSS is a technology that allows much greater control over the appearance of web sites than was possible with basic HTML. CSS can be used with both HTML 4 and XHTML, and I am beginning to use it for the first time as I redo this site in XHTML 1.
CSS General Resources
- W3C's CSS Site
- Adding a Touch of Style (from Dave Raggett, on the W3C site)
- About.com's CSS Resources
- Builder.com's CSS Resources
- CSS.nu offers pages describing CSS bugs and workaraounds for Internet Explorerm Netscape, and Opera
- HTML Goodies.com's CSS Tutorials
- SizeFactory.com's CSS Basics and CSS Cheat Sheet
- WDG's CSS Resources
- WDVL's CSS Resources and CSS Tutorials
CSS Quick Reference
- Builder.com's CSS Reference Table
- CSS1 and CSS2 Reference (from Eric Meyer)
- CSS1 Support Chart (from Netscape's DevEdge)
- Index Dot HTML: The Advanced HTML Reference
- CSS Support History (from index DOT CSS; useful for tracking when each HTML element was added to the official W3C specification, and when it was covered by each of the major browsers)
- NY Public Library's CSS Resources (a very informative and well-designed discussion of CSS, with plenty of examples for users to adapt for their own uses)
- PageResource.com's CSS Properties Table
- WDG's CSS Properties Page
- WebReference.com's CSS Resources
CSS for Site Layout
One of the most promising uses for CSS -- but also one of the most difficult to perfect when there are so many different levels of CSS support and so many different CSS bugs in various browsers -- is the use of style sheets for page layout. I had some serious problems with this myself as I developed the new layout for this site in summer of 2003. These sites offer tried and true layout templates that are built with CSS, which users are welcome to borrow or adapt for their own use.
- CSS Layout Techniques (from glish.com)
- The Layout Reservoir (from BlueRobot.com)
- Little Boxes (from TheNoodleIncident.com)
- Real World Style (from Mark Newhouse)
Validators and Other Web Design Tools
What Are Validators, and Why Should I Use Them?
- The Web Developers Virtual Library offers an explanation of HTML checking/validation (as well as a related article "HTML Standards Compliance: Why Bother?")
- Why Validate Your HTML? (from earth.com)
HTML Validators and Other Useful Services
- From the W3C:
- Bobby (evaluates compliance with the W3C's recommended standards for accessibility)
- Doctor HTML (their single-page analysis tools offer the most options of any validator)
- Link Valet (a link checker from Site Valet)
- Lynx Viewer (view your pages as they appear in Lynx, a text-only browser)
- Page Valet (an HTML validator from Site Valet)
- Web Design Group (WDG) HTML Validator
- Web Page Backward Compatibility Viewer (from Delorie.com; a tool that shows how a page will look without certain recent browser technologies, to ensure that it will work in older browsers)
Web Design and Style Issues
Even if one writes technically perfect HTML code, there is no guarantee that the page will be useful. These pages address a variety of Web design, style, and usability issues that Web designers should keep in mind while designing their sites.
- Composing Good HTML (from Eric Tilton)
- HTML Bad Style Page (from earth.com)
- Style Guide for Online Hypertext (from Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web, at W3C)
- Sucky to Savvy (advice on web style mistakes to avoid, from Jeffrey M. Glover)
- "This page optimized for..." arguing with customers (from Jahn Rentmeister in Germany)
- Top Ten Mistakes in Web Design and Writing for the Web (from Jakob Nielsen's AlertBox column)
- Usability Tutorials (from the WDVL)
- Usable Web: Guide to Web Usability Resources (by Keith Instone; about 1000 links to usability resources)
- Viewable with Any Browser: Accessible Web Site Design
- Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (from W3C; guidelines on making your web pages accessible for those with disabilities as well as easier to use for everybody else; see also their more detailed page listing techniques for meeting these guidelines and their checklist.)
- Web Style Guide.com
- What Makes a Great Web Site? (from Andrew King; at WebReference.com)
- What You See Is Not What Others Get, and Widen Your Web Site's Audience (from Stephen Traub at Web Page Repair)
FSU-Specific Resources
This final section of the page addresses resources at Florida State University that are likely to be of the greatest use to FSU web designers, and of very little use to those outside of Tallahassee.
- Information for FSU Web Developers (from ACNS)
- Creating Web Sites at FSU: FAQs (from ACNS)
- Unix help from the Computer Science department
- Web References MasterList
- FSU-Related Graphics:
- FSU Seals
- FSU Torch Logos
- FSU Seminole Logos
- Pictures of FSU Buildings and Scenery
http://garnet.acns.fsu.edu/~phensel/computer.html
Last updated: 12 August 2003
This site © copyright 1996-present,
Paul R. Hensel. All rights reserved.
